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cs.CL / cs.RO · 2608.11350 · 2026/08/11

Self-Evolving Embodied Agents via Skill-Harness Evolution

Wang, Peidong, Ma, Zhiming, Chang, Ying, Luo, Xufang, Yang, Xiaocui, Feng, Shi, Yang, Yuqing, Li, Dongsheng
TL;DR:具身Agent性能不只靠模型权重,还靠技能、上下文、动作接口与执行harness。SHAPER冻结参数,让同一模型既当planner又当optimizer,通过目标环境rollout演化可复用技能与上下文代码harness。

🎯 问题

SFT/RL需要额外数据、奖励与训练轮次;train-free代码方法依赖可编程机器人API,在固定接口场景不可用。

🔬 方法

SHAPER:train-free具身适应,改进非参数Agent系统(可复用技能 + context-code harness);VLABench与ESI-Bench覆盖不同低层动作接口;对比纯执行、SFT、verifier-free选择/投票等test-time-scaling基线。
章节结构(全文标题提取):
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Method
4 Experiments
5 Conclusion
References
Appendix A Additional Artifact and Optimization Details
3.1 Train-Free Agent Factorization
3.2 Rollout-Guided Textual Diagnosis
3.3 Two-Stage Skill-Harness Evolution
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 VLABench Results
4.3 ESI-Bench Results
4.4 Optimization Efficiency
A.1 VLABench Skills and Harnesses
A.2 ESI-Bench Skills and Harnesses
A.3 Prompts Used by the Evolution Pipeline
A.4 Optimization Cost Accounting

📊 结果

技能+harness优化是模型训练昂贵/不可用时的实用自演化路线;结果支持「系统级而非权重级」的具身适应方向。

💡 与研究方向关联

agent = 权重 + 外围系统(技能/上下文/harness),外围可在推理时演化。与用户「agent 架构/系统级优化」兴趣直接相关,且与 2608.12307 harness 主题呼应。

📝 原文摘要

▶ 原文摘要 Abstract
Embodied agents are increasingly built as systems around foundation models, where performance depends not only on model weights but also on the skills, context, action interfaces, and execution harness surrounding the model. While supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning can adapt agents to new environments, they require additional data, rewards, and training runs; meanwhile, many train-free code-centric approaches rely on programmable robot APIs that may be unavailable in fixed-interface settings. We propose SHAPER, a self-evolving framework for train-free embodied adaptation that keeps model parameters frozen and improves the non-parametric agent system by evolving reusable skills and a context-code harness through target-environment rollouts. In SHAPER, the same frozen model can serve as both planner and optimizer, refining its external skills and context-code harness without parameter updates. We evaluate SHAPER on VLABench and ESI-Bench, covering embodied agents with different low-level action interfaces, and compare against pure execution, supervised fine-tuning, and test-time-scaling baselines such as verifier-free selection and voting. Our results suggest that skill-and-harness optimization is a practical route to self-evolving embodied agents when model training is expensive, unavailable, or undesirable.
Deep Read · 2026-08-14高松灯 / Agent 日报
Embodied AgentSelf-EvolutionHarnessTrain-Free