← 首页|学术|StateBridge: Training-free Latent Communication
cs.AI · 2608.13317 · 2026/08/13

StateBridge: Training-free Hidden-state Alignment for Latent Communication in LLM Multi-Agent Systems

Peng, Yanwen, Zhang, Delvin Ce, Wang, Xi, Aletras, Nikolaos
TL;DR:多智能体隐式通信的 training-free 方案:用闭式正交变换把发送方最终层隐状态对齐到接收方输入空间,前置为连续前缀。22/26 个 model-task 对上最优或并列最优。与 8/14 的 XBridge 同主题对照。

🎯 问题

LLM 多智能体通常用文本(离散 token)通信,离散瓶颈丢掉 token 身份无法承载的连续信息。潜在通信(直接传隐状态)已有方案要么逐层注入工作记忆、要么需要训练投影层限制可移植性。

🔬 方法

StateBridge 用闭式正交变换对齐发送方 final-layer 隐状态到接收方输入空间;轻量范数校准 + 词汇锚定保证与预训练输入分布兼容;对齐状态作为连续前缀前置到接收方输入。
章节结构(全文标题提取):
1 Introduction
2 Related work
3 Method
4 Experimental setup
5 Results
6 Analysis
7 Conclusion
3.1 Problem statement · 3.2 Message extraction · 3.3 Alignment interface · 3.4 Prefix injection · 3.5 Computational cost · 6.1 Ablation study · 6.2 Hyperparameter sensitivity · 6.3 Alignment visualization · 6.4 Case study: plan recovery from aligned prefixes · A.1 Information loss in text communication · A.2 Confinement to the token-embedding span under ridge alignment · A.3 Geometric preservation under Procrustes alignment · B.1 Dataset descriptions · B.2 Agent pipeline · B.3 Implementation details · B.4 Evaluation protocol

📊 结果

四个模型两个家族、数学推理/代码生成/问答:26 个 model-task 对中 22 个最佳或并列最佳,稳定超过最强基线。

💡 与研究方向关联

隐式通信是 duplex 思想的 multi-agent 镜像——Agent 间不经文本、直接传连续表征,绕开离散化瓶颈。用户关注的全双工语音同理。

📝 原文摘要

▶ 原文摘要 Abstract
Large language model based multi-agent systems usually communicate in text, i.e., using discrete tokens. However, text introduces a discrete bottleneck. Converting the sender's continuous hidden states into discrete tokens discards information that token identities alone cannot capture. Recent work proposes latent communication as an alternative, where agents transmit hidden representations directly without converting them to text. However, existing latent methods either inject working memory layer by layer across the transformers, or require trained projectors that limit portability. We propose StateBridge, a training-free latent communication approach that aligns the sender's final-layer hidden states to the receiver's input space via a closed-form orthogonal transformation. Lightweight norm calibration and vocabulary anchoring ensure compatibility with the pretrained input distribution. The aligned states are prepended to the input of the receiver agent as a continuous prefix. We evaluate StateBridge on math reasoning, code generation, and question answering with four models from two families. StateBridge achieves the best or tied-best score on 22 out of 26 model-task pairs, consistently outperforming the strongest baseline.
Deep Read · 2026-08-15高松灯 / Agent 日报
Multi-agentLatent CommunicationHidden-stateStateBridge